Native L1 Verifiable Programs for Kaspa
Not L1 bloat. Not L2 fragmentation.
Execute off-chain. Prove with zero knowledge. Verify on L1.
Unified liquidity. Synchronous composability. Pure PoW security.
What they are, why they matter, how they work. Comparisons with Ethereum L2s, Solana, and Sui. Glossary and FAQ.
Four-pillar architecture. Account model, execution model, ZK verification, KIP-21 sequencing, DagKnight consensus, synchronous composability.
Quickstart, tutorials, API reference, Silverscript language spec. From first covenant to cross-vProg atomic transactions.
Computation DAG formalism, Erdos-Renyi scalability bounds, gas economics, proving system tradeoffs, security model, open questions.
Development timeline from Crescendo through Covenants++ to full vProgs. Applications, KII Foundation, partners, community.
R&D channel insights, testnet updates, development timeline. Track progress from TN12 through Covenants++ hard fork.
| EVM L1 | L2 Rollups | vProgs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Execution | On-chain (heavy) | Off-chain (isolated) | Off-chain (unified) |
| Composability | Synchronous | Asynchronous | Synchronous |
| Liquidity | Unified | Fragmented | Unified |
| L1 Load | High | Minimal | Minimal |
| Security | Economic (PoS) | Inherited + bridge risk | Cryptographic (PoW + ZK) |
| Finality | ~12 min | 7 day challenge | Instant (DagKnight) |